It is measured from the centre of the screw that holds the cylinder, on the edge of the door, to each of its ends, the outside one and the inside one. That gives two measurements, one for each side.
Open the door and look on the edge, next to the lock, for the long screw that goes through the faceplate. That screw marks the centre of the cylinder. Measure with a ruler from there to the outer end and then to the inner end, in millimetres.
If the two measurements match, the cylinder is symmetrical, for example 30 by 30. If not, it is offset, such as 30 by 40, and you have to keep the right side facing outwards.
A cylinder that sticks out too far is a weak point, so it should be matched to the door. There is an illustrated guide in how to measure the cylinder. If you get in a muddle, send us a photo on WhatsApp.