They are hinges, or hinge bolts added next to them, that keep the door locked into the frame on the hinge side. That way the door cannot be lifted out or forced on that side, even if the hinge pins are cut or knocked out.
Many people reinforce the lock and forget the other side. But a door has two sides, and if the hinges are weak or exposed on the outside, it can be attacked there.
It happens above all on doors that open outwards, where the pins can be seen from the street, and on patio, storeroom or warehouse doors, which usually have basic hinges.
With anti-jemmy hinge bolts, the door is held to the frame on both sides when it is shut. It is all in anti-jemmy hinges.