A rim lock is one that is screwed onto the inside face of the door instead of being set into its edge. From the outside only the cylinder shows; the case is visible on the inside and its bolt goes into a strike plate fixed to the frame.
It is widely used as a second lock, on metal doors, storeroom or patio doors, and on timber doors that are too thin to take a mortice case. As it does not weaken the door leaf, it can take thicker bolts.
What decides how strong it is comes down to the fixing: bolts that go right through the door and a strike plate firmly anchored to the frame. A rim lock held on with short screws will come off with one kick. If you are thinking of adding one, see lock installation or security deadbolts.