A master key system is a set of cylinders in which one master key opens several locks, while each individual key opens only its own.
For example, in a community of owners: each resident opens their storeroom with their own key, and the caretaker or the property manager has a master key that opens all the communal rooms. In an office, each employee opens their own room and the person in charge opens everything.
Several levels can be set up: a general key, others that open just one floor or one area, and the individual ones.
It should not be confused with keying alike, where all the keys are the same and open every door. In a master key system each key has its own permissions. It is explained in master key systems.